A framework for understanding Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) life history
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چکیده
We took a hierarchical approach to understanding Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) life history patterns by first comparing salmonids to other teleosts, next comparing Atlantic salmon to other salmonids, and finally, mapping correlations among individual life history traits within Atlantic salmon. The combination of anadromy, large eggs, nest construction and egg burial by females, and large size at maturity differentiates salmonids from most other teleosts. Within the family Salmonidae, there is considerable variation in all traits but Atlantic salmon are generally in the middle of the range. Within Atlantic salmon, we were able to map correlations among individual life history traits, but we found that we still lacked an understanding comprehensive and quantitative enough to allow us to predict how the entire life history should respond to environmental changes. Thus, we proposed several general courses of action: (i) use models to synthesize complex patterns and relationships, (ii) collect long time series of data in individual systems, and (iii) design experiments to assess phenotypic plasticity and how environmental influences differ from genetic effects and constraints. Résumé : Nous avons adopté une démarche hiérarchique pour comprendre les patrons du cycle biologique du saumon de l’Atlantique (Salmo salar) en comparant tout d’abord les salmonidés à d’autres téléostéens, puis le saumon atlantique à d’autres salmonidés, et enfin en cartographiant les corrélations ente les traits individuels du développement chez le saumon atlantique. La combinaison de l’anadromie, de la grande taille des oeufs, du creusement du nid et de l’enfouissement des oeufs par la femelle et de la grande taille à la maturité différencie les salmonidés de la plupart des autres téléostéens. Au sein de la famille des Salmonidae, on note une variation considérable dans tous les traits, mais le saumon atlantique se situe généralement au milieu de la fourchette. Chez le saumon atlantique, nous avons pu cartographier les corrélations entre certains traits individuels, mais nous avons constaté que notre compréhension n’était pas encore assez détaillée et quantitative pour nous permettre de prédire comment l’ensemble du cycle biologique devrait réagir aux changements environnementaux. Nous proposons en conséquence diverses approches générales (i) avoir recours à des modèles pour faire la synthèse des patrons et relations complexes, (ii) recueillir des séries de données dans des systèmes individuels sur une longue période, (iii) concevoir des expériences visant à évaluer la plasticité phénotypique et la façon dont les influences environnementales diffèrent des effets et contraintes d’ordre
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تاریخ انتشار 1999